Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects people of all genders, although we consistently see men being diagnosed more commonly than women at a rate of 3:1. This is despite there being no identifiable biological sex-based differences in the disorder, suggesting that this gap is due to missed diagnoses.
One reason for underdiagnosis is that early work to identify and categorise ADHD symptoms was based on predominantly male populations, meaning that unique female presentations of the disorder remained misunderstood or simply missed. Women generally tend to score higher on inattentiveness measures, rather than hyperactivity measures compared to men and often develop coping strategies to mask their symptoms too.
ADHD can have a significant impact on the lives of those who have it. For ADHD mothers, juggling family, work, and household responsibilities can be overwhelming. The struggle to stay organised and focused can lead to guilt, overwhelm, and exhaustion. Adults with ADHD are often at a higher risk of experiencing substance misuse problems, anxiety and depression.
Common ADHD symptoms include:
1. Inattentiveness: Women with ADHD may struggle with focus, organisation, and completing tasks.
2. Impulsivity: Impulsive behaviour can lead to difficulties in managing time, money, or relationships.
3. Hyperactivity: Although less pronounced than in men, restlessness and fidgeting can still be present. In adult women, hyperactivity is often experienced as an ‘inner restlessness’, rather than an external behaviour.
It is estimated 2-5% of adults have ADHD, although many remain without a formal diagnosis. Women are less likely to be diagnosed, and they often receive their diagnosis later in life. The stigma surrounding mental health can further hinder access to diagnosis and support, as well as misunderstandings about how ADHD presents differently for women. Whilst ADHD symptoms can adjust over time, it is a lifetime condition and not a disorder that people ‘grow out of’.
Recognizing the presence of ADHD and seeking support is essential. Treatment for ADHD can involve medication, therapy and lifestyle adjustments. Formal diagnosis can only be provided by a medical professional such as a psychologist, although there are often significant waiting periods which can pose a barrier to access. Women’s health and wellbeing charities such as Motherwell can provide safe spaces for sharing experiences and accessing talking therapies to address the impact of ADHD.
ADHD in women is a real and often hidden challenge, but support and understanding can make a world of difference. By acknowledging the unique aspects of ADHD in women, we can empower them to thrive. Together, we can begin to tackle stigma and create a supportive environment where women can embrace their true selves, ADHD and all.